What combination of steps is required to achieve compliance for unencrypted sensitive data in Amazon Redshift?

To achieve compliance for unencrypted sensitive data in Amazon Redshift, the correct choice is to set up a trusted connection with a Hardware Security Module (HSM) and modify the cluster for encryption. This option emphasizes both establishing a secure environment for key management and ensuring that the data stored is encrypted to meet compliance standards.

Setting up a trusted connection with HSM is crucial because it provides a secure way to manage the encryption keys that will be used for encrypting sensitive data. The integration with HSM ensures that encryption keys are generated, stored, and managed in a highly secure manner, reducing the risk of unauthorized access.

Modifying the existing cluster for encryption is the next step in this approach, as it directly impacts how data is stored within the Redshift environment. By enabling encryption on the cluster, all new data written to the cluster will be automatically encrypted, and existing unencrypted data can be re-encrypted during a migration or data load process.

Other choices tend to focus on creating new clusters or managing encryption separately, which might not prioritize securing the existing data effectively or might involve unnecessary complexity when the primary goal is to modify the existing infrastructure to comply with security regulations. By focusing on modifying the existing cluster with encryption and managing it with HSM, the