Which solution allows for query execution and history separation while complying with security policies using Amazon Athena?

Creating Athena workgroups and applying tags for permissions is the optimal solution for allowing query execution and history separation while adhering to security policies in Amazon Athena. Workgroups in Athena enable you to separate different teams or use cases, effectively isolating query execution and historical logs. Each workgroup can have its own configuration settings, such as query limits and data encryption, as well as individual query histories.

Furthermore, tags can be applied to these workgroups to manage permissions effectively and provide a more granular security model. This feature allows organizations to enforce stricter access controls and ensure compliance with relevant security policies tailored to specific projects or teams. Utilizing workgroups thus provides both operational flexibility and enhances security posture.

The other options, while related to AWS security and permissions management, do not provide the same level of specificity and separation as workgroups. Individual IAM roles could manage access but would require more complex configurations and do not inherently separate execution histories. S3 bucket policies govern access to data stored in S3, which is important but lacks the specific focus on querying and usage separation. Setting a resource policy for the AWS Glue Data Catalog may help manage data access but does not specifically address the separation of Athena query execution and history as well as workgroups do.